Current Issue : April - June Volume : 2012 Issue Number : 2 Articles : 4 Articles
Drinking water available to rural communities in many developing countries contains disease germs.\r\nSolar disinfection of water is becoming increasingly appreciated because of the feasibility of its\r\napplication. This study investigated the level of transmission of ultraviolet light by bottles made of\r\nglass, poly vinyl chloride (PVC) and polyethlene terephthalate (PET) in relation to their ability to\r\ndisinfect water samples in them; two brands of PET bottles, Ragolis and Voltic, were used. Ragolis\r\nbottle was the best both in ultraviolet light transmission and microbial inactivation. There was no\r\nmicrobial re-growth during 11 weeks storage of solarââ?¬â??treated water. Rural dwellers in Nigeria have easy\r\naccess to large quantities of used PET bottles and can use the 1.5 L size to produce solar-disinfected\r\nwater for drinking....
A water environmental monitoring system based on a wireless sensor network is\r\nproposed. It consists of three parts: data monitoring nodes, data base station and remote\r\nmonitoring center. This system is suitable for the complex and large-scale water\r\nenvironment monitoring, such as for reservoirs, lakes, rivers, swamps, and shallow or deep\r\ngroundwaters. This paper is devoted to the explanation and illustration for our new water\r\nenvironment monitoring system design. The system had successfully accomplished the\r\nonline auto-monitoring of the water temperature and pH value environment of an artificial\r\nlake. The system''s measurement capacity ranges from 0 to 80 �°C for water temperature,\r\nwith an accuracy of �±0.5 �°C; from 0 to 14 on pH value, with an accuracy of �±0.05 pH\r\nunits. Sensors applicable to different water quality scenarios should be installed at the\r\nnodes to meet the monitoring demands for a variety of water environments and to obtain\r\ndifferent parameters. The monitoring system thus promises broad applicability prospects....
Two modifications of solar water distillers using cement and aluminum absorbers are presented\nexperimentally. The first modification uses separated condenser to purge vapor from the cement\nabsorber distiller to increase the condensation, while second modification uses a plate thermosyphon\ncharged with acetone installed on the bottom of the water basin in the aluminum absorber distiller to\nincrease input energy to the distiller, thus increasing water vaporization and condensation. The\noptimum tilted angle of the glazing surface calculated to between 10 to 20�° at latitude angle of 30�°. The\ndaily productivity of the cement absorber distiller was 2.08 L/ (m2.day) and increased by percentage of\n18% using the separated condenser and the overall efficiency being increased from 35% to more than\n48%. For the aluminum absorber distiller the average daily productivity was 2.96 L/(m2.day) and\nincreased to 3.49 L/(m2.day) using plate thermosyphon with the overall efficiency being increased from\n50% to more than 65%....
In many peri-urban areas of Kenya, potable piped water does not exist and where it does, it is rarely\r\nreliable. Thus, in such areas, residents heavily rely on groundwater sources for their daily survival.\r\nTherefore, it is common to find individual wells in each plot within such a peri-urban dwelling.\r\nFurthermore, in most cases, such dwellings lack municipal sewers, hence forcing residents to\r\nconstruct pit latrines at close proximity to their wells. Indeed, it is not uncommon to find a well located\r\njust a few metres from an un-lined pit latrine. A study was carried out on the well water contamination\r\nby pit latrines in Langas which is peri-urban settlement of Eldoret town, Kenya. The study sought to\r\nestablish the safety (quality) of water in wells located near pit latrines on individual plots of the\r\nsettlement. The results show that most wells were contaminated and posed a health risk to the dwellers\r\nof the settlement. From the results it is recommended that a safe well-pit latrine separation distance of\r\n48 m be maintained which will avoid contamination of well water from pit latrines....
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